Pet First Aid
When your pet has an emergency, being prepared is very
important.
We cannot stress enough that you SHOULD NOT get on-line
during a pet emergency or when your pet is seriously ill. In an emergency,
first aid is not a substitute for veterinary treatment. However, before you are
able to get your pet to a veterinarian, knowing some basic first aid can help.
Always seek veterinary care following first-aid attempts.
Bite Wounds
Treatment/Action
Approach the pet carefully to avoid getting bitten. Muzzle the animal. Check
the wound for contamination or debris. If significant debris is present, then
clean the wound with large amounts of saline or balanced electrolyte solution.
If these are not available, then regular water may be used. Wrap large open
wounds to keep them clean. Apply pressure to profusely bleeding wounds. Do not
use a tourniquet. Wear gloves when possible.
Bite wounds often become infected and need professional
care. Call your veterinarian.
Bleeding
Treatment/Action
Apply firm, direct pressure over the bleeding area until the bleeding stops.
Hold the pressure for at least 10 straight minutes (continually releasing the
pressure to check the wound will hamper the clotting). Avoid bandages that cut
off circulation.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Breathing Stops
Treatment/Action
Check to see if the animal is choking on a foreign object. If an animal is not
breathing, place it on a firm surface with its left side up. Check for a
heartbeat by listening at the area where the elbow touches the chest. If you
hear a heartbeat but not breathing, close the animal's mouth and breathe
directly into its nose--not the mouth--until the chest expands. Repeat 12 to 15
times per minute. If there is no pulse, apply heart massage at the same time.
The heart is located in the lower half of the chest, behind the elbow of the
front left leg. Place one hand below the heart to support the chest. Place
other hand over the heart and compress gently. To massage the hearts of cats
and other tiny pets, compress the chest with the thumb and forefingers of one
hand. Apply heart massage 80-120 times per minute for larger animals and
100-150 per minute for smaller ones. Alternate heart massage with breathing.
Please note: Even in the hands of well-trained veterinary
health professionals, the success of resuscitation is very low overall. Success
may be slightly higher in the cases of drowning or electrical shock.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Burns (chemical, electrical, or heat including from a heating
pad)
Symptoms: singed hair, blistering, swelling, redness of skin
Treatment/Action
Flush the burn immediately with large amounts of cool, running water. Apply an
ice pack for 15-20 minutes. Do not place an ice pack directly on the skin. Wrap
the pack in a light towel or other cover. If the animal has large quantities of
dry chemicals on its skin, brush them off. Water may activate some dry
chemicals.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Choking
Symptoms: difficulty breathing, excessive pawing at the
mouth, blue lips and tongue
Treatment/Action
Be sure to protect yourself as well as the animal, as the pet will likely be
frantic and may be more likely to bite. If the pet can still partially breathe,
it's best to keep the animal calm and get to a veterinarian as quickly as
possible. Look into the mouth to see if foreign object in throat is visible. If
you can, clear the airway by removing the object with pliers or tweezers, being
careful not to push it farther down the throat. If it is lodged too deep or if
the pet collapses, then place your hands on both sides of the animal's rib cage
and apply firm, quick pressure. Or place the animal on its side and strike the
side of the rib cage firmly with the palm of your hand three or four times.
Repeat this procedure until the object is dislodged or you arrive at the
veterinarian's office.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Diarrhea
Treatment/Action
Withhold food for 12-24 hours, but not water. Sometimes pets that appear to be
straining are sore from diarrhea rather than from constipation. Your
veterinarian can help you decide which it is and what will help. Trying at-home
treatments without knowing the real cause can just make things worse.
Call your veterinarian.
Fractures
Symptoms: Pain, inability to use a limb, or limb at odd
angle
Treatment/Action
Muzzle the pet and look for bleeding. If you can control bleeding without
causing more injury, then do so. Watch for signs of shock. DO NOT TRY TO SET
THE FRACTURE by pulling or tugging on the limb. Transport the pet to the
veterinarian immediately, supporting the injured part as best you can.
Heatstroke
Symptoms: Rapid or labored breathing, vomiting, high body
temperature, collapse
Treatment/Action
Place the animal in a tub of cool water. Or, gently soak the animal with a
garden hose or wrap it in a cool, wet towel. Do not overcool the animal. Stop
cooling when rectal temperature reaches 103 degrees Fahrenheit.
Call veterinarian immediately.
Poisoning
Symptoms: vomiting, convulsions, diarrhea, salivation, weakness,
depression, pain
Treatment/Action
Record what the pet ingested and how much. Immediately call your veterinarian
or poison control center. Do not induce vomiting. In case of toxins or
chemicals on the skin from oils, paints, insecticides and other contact
irritants, request directions on if and how to wash the toxin off.
Seizures
Symptoms: salivation, loss of control of urine or stool,
violent muscle twitching, loss of consciousness
Treatment/Action
Move the pet away from any objects that could be harmful during the seizure.
Use a blanket for padding and protection. Do not put yourself at risk by
restraining the pet during the seizure. Time the seizure. They usually last
only 2 to 3 minutes. Afterwards, keep the animal calm and quiet.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Shock
Symptoms: irregular breathing, dilated pupils
Treatment/Action
Shock may occur as a result of a serious injury or fright. Keep the animal
gently restrained, quiet, and warm, with the lower body elevated.
Call your veterinarian immediately.
Vomiting
Treatment/Action
Withhold food for 12-24 hours. Give the pet ice cubes for two hours after
vomiting stops, then slowly increase the amount of water and foods given over a
24-hour period.
Call your veterinarian.
If you need to muzzle your pet
Use a strip of soft cloth, rope, necktie, or nylon stocking. Wrap around the
nose, under the chin and tie behind the ears. Care must be taken when handling
weak or injured pets. Even normally docile pets will bite when in pain. Allow
the pet to pant after handling by loosening or removing the muzzle. Do not use
a muzzle in a case of vomiting. Cats and small pets may be difficult to muzzle.
A towel placed around the head will help control small pets.
If your pet can't walk
A door, board, blanket, or floor mat can be used as a stretcher to transport
injured or weak animals.
If your pet's emergency is not covered here, please call
your veterinarian immediately. If you are away from home, you can find a
veterinarian near you by using the AAHA-accredited hospital directory.